New Years Eve 25 Years Ago: 1999 (Millennium Celebrations)

Tomorrow is New Year's Eve, and each year, I post an entry on how Sydney welcomed the new year 25 years beforehand.

The year of focus is 1999.

This New Year's Eve was widely accepted as the last of the second millennium, though it will always be disputed as there was no year "zero". The millennium ended at 11:59 pm on December 21 2000, as it would mark exactly two thousand years.

Cities, towns and villages around the world all wanted to present the biggest celebration that they could do for their citizens to mark the new millennium. 

By the end of the 1990s, Sydney had built up a reputation for its New Year's Eve fireworks shows, whether at 9pm or to welcome in 1999, at midnight and was attracting global coverage. 

The changeover from 1999 to 2000 was also significant for Sydney because 2000 marked the year it would host the Olympic Games that year and the world would converge on the city for two weeks of sporting competition. 

It meant that Sydney had to welcome the new year in Olympic style. It had to be the biggest and the best.

How did it happen?

Program

• From 8:30 pm to 11:20 pm - Floating Sea Creature Parade on Sydney Harbour - This comprised a loop around Sydney Harbour. From any vantage point, the parade lasted 25 minutes from the passing of the first sea creature. 
• 9 pm - Family Fireworks
• 12 pm - Midnight Fireworks

Below is the soundtrack and how the midnight display would work.

Sourced from: Anon. 1999. "NYE Last-minute guide". The Daily Telegraph, December 31: 40.

Launch positions

Sourced from: Anon. 1999. "NYE Last-minute guide". The Daily Telegraph, December 31: 40.

• Four barges were located in Sydney Harbour - Off Cockatoo Island, Goat Island, Fort Denison and Bradleys Head. 
• The Sydney Harbour Bridge
• Sydney Opera House (It was meant to be a "one-off" but became permanent in 2013)
• Sydney Tower
• Skyscrapers in the Sydney and North Sydney CBDs including Chifley Tower, Goldfields House and Grosvenor Place. 

There will be eight barges for 2024. Apart from the four locations in 1999, there will be a second barge off Goat Island (one on its eastern side and one on the other side of the island, one just west of the harbour bridge, one to the north of the Opera House and one located off Garden Island. 

Bridge Effects

Sourced from The Sun Herald, January 2, 2000

Two lighting effects were featured during the display:

• Smiley Face (As featured in the 1997 New Year's Eve Fireworks Display) - It is the only bridge effect to be used more than once.
• Arthur Stace's etching of Eternity - This appeared at the end of the show and was in tribute to the late Arthur Stace, a Christian man who etched Eternity fifty times a day from the 1930s until he died in 1967. Bells were rung from St Marys Cathedral and St Andrews Cathedral as it was switched on. 

A recreation of the Sydney Harbour Bridge with Eternity was featured in the 2000 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony held at Stadium Australia, Sydney Olympic Park on September 15, 2000, as part of a pyrotechnics display in the Eternity segment. The segment was about paying tribute to those who have been involved in building infrastructure across Australia over time. 

TV Broadcasters

• Nine Network
• ABC 

This was the first and only time two television free to air networks broadcast the Sydney New Year's Eve fireworks. 

The Nine Network had an agreement to broadcast the fireworks with Sydney City Council from 1997-2000 and ended up with the "official" footage and accompanying soundtrack in its broadcast.

The ABC partnered up with TV Broadcasters from 60 nations as part of 2000 Today, which was the world's biggest TV Broadcast to date. ABC provided its own footage of the fireworks and could not play the soundtrack that accompanied them. Footage of Sydney's fireworks would be interspersed between other celebrations that occurred at the same time - Melbourne, Canberra and Hobart, with the soundtrack that of Melbourne's midnight fireworks, which could be played on any broadcast (Channel Nine also did the Melbourne fireworks soundtrack for when they aired the Midnight fireworks immediately following Sydney's Fireworks). 

Interestingly, the BBC (UK) Broadcast of 2000 Today accommodated footage from both the Nine Network and the ABC. Click here to view the coverage presented by Michael Parkinson and Rolf Harris. 

The Nine Network tried to prevent the ABC from broadcasting the fireworks by claiming "exclusive rights" in the Federal Court, but was unsuccessful. 

In 2024, ABC will broadcast the fireworks. 

Transport

For the Millennium celebrations, train services operated on a 24-hour timetable to give revellers plenty of time to travel to and from the city.

However, due to concerns about the Y2K bug, all underground stations were closed between 11:45 pm and 1:45 am to ensure that passengers were safe in case. Those leaving the city immediately after the midnight fireworks had to walk either to Central or Milsons Point to take trains home. 

A three-day rail ticket was offered for $10 to cover rail travel between December 31 and January 2. Sydney Buses provided their $10 Millennium tickets, which covered 36 hours from 12:00 am on New Year's Eve until 12 pm the following day.

 

Source: New South Wales Department of Transport. 1999. "24 hour trains on New Year's Eve" (Advertisement). The Sunday Telegraph, December 26:10.  

Below is a map of Sydney CBD closures and bus terminals.

The Sunday Telegraph and The Sun Herald (January 2, 2000) reported that public transport services ran smoothly, with 250 000 travelling by rail, 150 000 by bus and 33 000 on Ferries. 

Facts of interest

• The festivities cost an estimated $5 million. This year, the fireworks are estimated to cost $6.3 million.
• An estimated 200,000 individual fireworks were launched. 
• The midnight fireworks lasted approximately 25 minutes, the longest show to date.
• As many as 1.5 million attended the fireworks.
• An estimated 6000 spectator craft were on Sydney Harbour (About 7000 spectator craft were reported to have been on Sydney Harbour for the Bicentenary celebrations in 1988). The Sydney Morning Herald (January 1, 2000) estimated that 100,000 people watched the fireworks from a boat in Sydney Harbour.  

Coverage

There was extensive coverage in newspapers, given the historical significance of the celebrations. The front page of The Daily Telegraph featured at the top of the post published a special wrap round as part of a 16-page special. 

The Sydney Morning Herald 

They also published a dawn edition several hours after their regular metropolitan edition to focus on the first sunrise over Sydney of the new millennium. It was an overcast morning.

   

The Weekend Australian

The Sun Herald (January 2, 2000)

A complete broadcast of the midnight fireworks from Channel Nine was uploaded to Youtube by TheSydneyFireworks if you wish to view the entire show.

2000 Today (ABC) - Uploaded by scana1979 to Youtube.

There was extensive coverage internationally by the press including TV Networks. I have posted a direct link to the BBC coverage above under TV Broadcasters.

ABC America

Uploaded by Mason R to Youtube

CNN & CNN International 

Uploaded by Hutchinson Video Archive to Youtube.  Sydney Fireworks coverage begins at 28:36 in the video.

That is how Sydney welcomed 2000 and the new millennium in a nutshell. I wish you all a very happy new year. Remember This? returns for its summer series from next week. 

Christmas Snapshot: 1999

Christmas Day falls on Wednesday (December 25), and this entry focuses on how Sydney marked Christmas 25 years ago. The year in focus is 1999, the last Christmas of the 20th Century and the second millennium.

In 1999, Christmas Day fell on a Saturday, which gave one plenty of time to prepare in the week leading up to the day. 

Carols in the Domain - December 18

It was held on December 18, 1999, and attracted a crowd of about 100,000 people. The event was hosted by Andrew Daddo and Belinda Emmett. ​ Entertainers included Lisa McCune, who made a dramatic helicopter entrance from her performance in "The Sound of Music," Vanessa Amorosi, The Wiggles, Monica Trapaga, and the Von Trapp children from "The Sound of Music." Other performers included Chelsea Gibb, Simon Burke, Sharon Millerchip, Doug Parkinson, Ignatius Jones, and the Sydney Youth Orchestra. The event also featured a pre-show with performances by the Real Blondes and the Daisy Dolls. ​

Further Reading:

Minogue, K. 1999. "Lisa to fly in for Domain carols". The Daily Telegraph, December 18: 17.

Rumble, T. 1999. "Choppers and Changes For Busy McCune". The Sun Herald, December 19: 44. 

Newspaper Front Page - Christmas Day

In 1999, The Daily Telegraph was the only newspaper published on Christmas Day in Sydney. The Daily Telegraph/The Sunday Telegraph published Christmas Day editions between 1994 and 2004. 

The Sunday Telegraph, allocated one page (page 4) for Christmas features in its edition of December 26. Features included the Christmas Addresses from the Catholic Archbishop of Sydney - Cardinal Edward Clancy, and the Anglican Archbishop of Sydney, Harry Goodhew.

The weather started "wet and wild" before clearing to a sunny afternoon. 

Bondi Beach proved popular with British Backpackers, who held their traditional Christmas Day party on the beach.

Christmas Sales

It was reported by The Daily Telegraph in its afternoon edition on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day that an estimated $200 million had been spent by shoppers in NSW on December 24, and a total of $2 billion in the lead-up to Christmas.

Source: Lawson, B. 1999. "$2bn splurge: Record Christmas spending". The Daily Telegraph, December 24: 1 & 2.

The afternoon edition on Christmas Eve also included a feature on the marathon trade at the Sydney Fish Markets, a tradition that continues to this day.

Christmas Planners

I love posting the Christmas Planners because they provide a great snapshot of services over Christmas. Compared with today, services available on Christmas Day have remained relatively unchanged if we focus solely on what is featured below. I remember with eateries, many were shut on the day, but some especially fast food chains such as McDonalds have since decided to trade on the day.

 

The most significant changes in what's available have focused on Boxing Day, with retail trade permitted on Boxing Day across the Metropolitan area since 2015. In 1999, Boxing Day fell on a Sunday and no retail trade was allowed as a public holiday had been gazetted for December 28 (December 27 was to make up for Christmas Day falling on a Saturday). 

To close off this entry,  a newspaper feature on Christmas lights adorning the homes at Johnson Close at Bonnet Bay in the Sutherland Shire. The competition for the best-lit street at Christmas has gotten fiercer every year since. 

Source: Tsavdaridis, N. 1999. "The Bay of lights". The Daily Telegraph, December 25: 15. 

I wish you all a very Merry Christmas.

 

1990: Train Skipping

In 2024, one may find that a timetable service may not stop at your station or you are on the train and then find out that the service will not stop at your destination.

Sometimes on the T4 line, a South Coast Line service that is meant to terminate at either Martin Place or Bondi Junction ends up terminating at the interurban platforms at Central forcing "all out, all change".

Usually, this happens when a train is delayed. It is done to assist in maintaining on-time running or to aid in getting the broader timetable on time following a major delay, e.g., signal failure.

In 1990, The Sunday Telegraph interviewed Rob Schwarzer (CityRail Chief) about the situation after NSW Shadow Transport Minister Brian Langton (ALP, Kogarah) had revealed to Parliament the previous week that drivers had been ordered to skip stations. He cited one example where a train from Sutherland bound for the city skipped 14 stations. The driver was directed to run it express to Redfern. Langton himself was a regular rail commuter.

Source: Grimshaw, P. 1990. "Trains told to skip stations". The Daily Telegraph Mirror, November 29: 1 & 4.

The interview gave us answers. Schwarzer was asked whether or not train skipping was acceptable. He responded with "it is a standard operating practice" and that is necessary to do so. Either cancel the train and "get it out of the road" or return it to the regular timetable. Another element considered, according to Schwarzer, was whether there was a suitable alternate service after the now-altered service. Another question arose - What if commuters are already on the train and want to get off if stations were to be skipped? He stated it was "very rare" as stopping patterns were not generally changed once the run began. The second part of the interview focused on reforms to CityRail and even one question about a new North Shore line (likely a reference to what is now the Epping-Chatswood line, originally heavy rail, now a section of the M1 metro line). 

  

Source: Quinn, S. 1990. "Train Skipping". The Sunday Telegraph, December 2: 16-17.

What is the reality in 2024?

My introduction to this entry would sum up the reality. It does happen, but the concern is whether this will receive the same coverage in the media as in 1990? The state of the rail network was under scrutiny, particularly with job losses, ageing infrastructure, timetabling and overcrowding. Even today, there is scrutiny; though the challenges that face the network are more complex, some of the issues confronting the rail network in 1990 still linger. The question has to be asked - What do commuters value as most important to them when accessing Sydney Trains? 

As a commuter, it is annoying that trains sometimes skip stations, whether I am left stranded on the platform or forced to change trains to complete my journey.

Hopefully, this entry and article will make commuters aware of the situation, whether from the perspective of those operating our network or from a commuter's perspective.

Property Advert of the Week: Meriton Pyrmont Projects Ad (2000)

This is the last Property Advert of the Week for 2024. Below is a newspaper advertisement from Meriton that appeared in The Inner West Courier on August 14 2000. It was to promote "The Palladium" and "Richmont" in Pyrmont. 

Source: Meriton. 2000. "Untitled" (Advertisement). The Inner West Courier, August 14: 124. 

Property Advert of the Week returns on the first Saturday in February 2025.

1982: Introduction of Random Breath Testing (RBT)

In 1978, 1384 people died on New South Wales (NSW) roads and it was the deadliest year on record for road fatalities in the state. At the end of the 1970s and into the early 1980s, around 1300 people were dying on average in road accidents across New South Wales.

Drink-Driving was identified as a significant factor contributing to the death toll, with around 40% of road fatalities resulting from a driver driving under the influence of alcohol. Such deaths were identified as preventable.

In September 1982, the State Government Safety Road Committee recommended the introduction of Random Breath Testing (RBT). It was to be trialled for three years and became permanent in 1985.

Source: Grimshaw, P. 1982. "Tough new blitz on roads". The Daily Telegraph, September 30: 1.

RBT commenced on Friday, December 17 1982, and drivers were warned of police presence on the roads.

Source: Stanley, A. 1982. "Breath test blitz all weekend". The Daily Telegraph, December 17: 2. 

The first tests were undertaken on Parramatta Road at Granville after 7 pm.

Source: Crosthwaite, R.  1982. "First drivers all under limit". The Daily Telegraph, December 18: 2. 

It was reported that road deaths had started decreasing in the lead-up to the introduction of RBT because it triggered, for drivers, a fear of being caught drink driving. RBT led to the introduction of the booze buses where further testing could occur.

Source: Stanley, A. 1982. "Publicity on tests hammers fear in drivers". The Daily Telegraph, December 16: 5. 

Below is a newspaper advertisement explaining how RBT would work. It was "quite simple".

The legacy of RBT

The introduction of RBT has contributed to the overall decrease in the road toll in NSW. By 1985, the annual road toll had dropped to less than 1100. By 2021, the road toll had dropped to 270, the lowest figure since 1923 (COVID restrictions, especially in the second half of 2021, meant fewer vehicle movements), before settling at 349 in 2023.

Other key figures that show the success of RBT include:

• The share of deaths resulting from drink driving annually has halved from around 40% to as little as 17%.
• The overall number of deaths as a result of drink driving has decreased by nearly 90% in the past four decades.

RBT has also changed the way that people drink when they are out. One could no longer stop at the pub for a drink on the way home if they were driving or restricted their drinking. On the positive side, it encouraged responsible drinking, and for those who wished to have a drink, consider other options for transport, such as using public transport, having a friend or family member drive who would not drink, or using taxis (and ride-sharing in more recent years).

Property Advert of the Week: Bovis Display Homes Ad (1984)

Below is a newspaper advertisement from 1984 by Bovis, to promote the sale of the Huntsgreen. It could be built from $33 550, There was an.offer of a $3000 discount for the first 20 buyers that visited a Bovis Display Village.

Source: Bovis. 1984. "Cheep, cheep, cheaper" (Advertisement). The Daily Telegraph, May 5: 35. 

1991: Conception of the Rivercats

Rivercat Nicole Livingstone in action on the Parramatta River. Taken by the Author (2022)

Last year saw the commencement of the retirement of the Rivercat ferry fleet on Sydney Harbour. It commenced with Betty Cuthbert, followed by Evonne Goolagong and Nicole Livingstone. Only four Rivercat ferries remain, with the new Parramatta Class ferries being introduced into service.

In 1991, Transport Minister Bruce Baird announced that seven Rivercats would be built, providing seating for 150 people. This would also enable the extension of ferry services to Parramatta, which commenced in 1993.

 

Source: Anon. 1991. "Higher". The Daily Telegraph Mirror., May 11: 4. 

At the time, ferry services on the Parramatta River were operated by First Fleet class ferries. The new Rivercats promised commuters faster trips along the Parramatta River. Express ferries from Parramatta to Circular Quay, stopping only at Rydalmere, would only take fifty minutes to complete the journey.

The NSW Government followed through, with seven Rivercats entering service between 1992 and 1995, ultimately having a capacity of 230 people.

Related Entry

1993: Rivercat Services to Parramatta Commence